Pure gold is too soft for day-to-day monetary use and is typically hardened by combining with copper, silver or other base metals.
The gold content of alloys is measured in karats. Karat denotes the amount of gold by weight in an alloy, known as the fineness (or purity).
The gold karatage system is used to identify the fineness (or purity) of gold as a fraction of 24 parts. Pure gold (or fine gold) 24 out of 24 possible parts, “24K”, which has a fineness of 100.00% or 1.00. However, 100.00% purity is unattainable, therefore 99.95% or 0.9995 purity can be designated “24-Karat” in commerce. 24 karat gold coins and bars generally come in two qualities – 999 (99.90%) and 995 (99.50%). 18-karat gold is 18 parts gold and 6 parts base metal, forming an alloy with 75.00% (18/24) gold. One karat is 1/24th gold purity by weight. 10 karats is the minimum recognized purity of an alloy to be called “gold” in the United States. The popular jewelry alloys in the U.S.A. are:
24K (acclaimed 99.95%)=99.95-100.00%
23K (acclaimed 95.83%)=95.83-99.95%
22K (acclaimed 91.66 %)=91.66-95.83%
18K (acclaimed 75.00%)=75.00-79.16%
14K (acclaimed 58.33%)=58.33-62.50%
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